Critical minerals sit at the centre of electric vehicles, wind power, electronics and grid storage. Aethel & Ore explains how these materials are mined, processed and recovered, and where their supply chains are most fragile.
We describe the physics and chemistry of each process, and we are explicit about trade-offs in energy, water and cost. Where the evidence is limited or depends on a particular project, we say so.
This site is education, not investment advice. Readers who make financial decisions should consult a qualified adviser.